Hands are among the most frequently used parts of the body in daily life, and the thumb in particular plays a major role in hand movement. It is essential for writing, holding objects, using smartphones, and performing many everyday activities. Therefore, pain in the thumb can significantly affect daily routines and may even make simple tasks difficult. But what are the most common causes of thumb pain, and how can comfort be restored? Here are the details.
Causes of Thumb Pain and Methods of Treatment
According to Cleveland Clinic, there are several reasons behind thumb pain. Identifying the underlying cause is the first step toward choosing the appropriate treatment.
1. Thumb Joint Arthritis (Basal Joint Arthritis)
One of the most common causes of thumb pain is thumb joint arthritis, medically known as basal joint arthritis. This condition occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones in the thumb wears down. As a result, bone friction develops, leading to pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the thumb.
This type of arthritis is more common in women over the age of 50 and usually develops with aging. Symptoms may begin as mild pain during activities such as opening a jar or turning a key, then gradually worsen over time. Common treatment options include:
Using splints to stabilize the joint
Anti-inflammatory medications
Physical therapy to strengthen the muscles supporting the joint
In advanced cases, surgical intervention may be necessary
2. Tendonitis (De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis)
According to the American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH), inflammation of the thumb tendons—known as De Quervain’s tenosynovitis—is a frequent condition among people who rely heavily on their hands for work or daily activities.
This condition occurs when the tendons responsible for thumb movement become inflamed, causing pain along the side of the wrist that may extend to the thumb. The pain often becomes sharp when gripping objects or moving the thumb up and down. New mothers are particularly at risk due to repeatedly lifting their babies in ways that strain the wrist and thumb.
Treatment usually begins with rest and cold compresses. In some cases, corticosteroid injections are used. If pain persists, a minor surgical procedure may be performed to relieve pressure on the tendons.
3. Trigger Thumb
Another condition mentioned by ASSH is trigger thumb. In this case, the thumb tendon does not glide smoothly within its surrounding sheath, causing the thumb to suddenly lock or catch when bent or straightened. Patients may feel a clicking sensation, severe pain, or stiffness when moving the thumb.
Trigger thumb is commonly associated with diabetes and arthritis, and it can also result from repetitive overuse of the thumb. Treatment typically includes rest and steroid injections.
4. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Thumb pain may also be linked to pressure on the median nerve at the wrist, a condition known as carpal tunnel syndrome. This condition does not affect the thumb alone; it may also cause pain, numbness, or tingling in the index and middle fingers, along with weakness in gripping objects.
The risk of carpal tunnel syndrome increases with repetitive hand movements such as typing on a keyboard or prolonged mouse use.
5. Injuries and Fractures
Thumb pain is not limited to chronic conditions or inflammation. It can also result from direct injuries, such as:
Thumb ligament injuries, common among athletes, caused by sudden falls or incorrect movements during sports
Fractures, particularly at the base of the thumb, which may require surgical treatment
These cases require prompt medical diagnosis to avoid long-term complications.
When Should You See a Doctor?
Specialists emphasize that thumb pain should not be ignored, as its complications can be serious. If the pain lasts for several days, is accompanied by swelling, or causes difficulty moving the hand, it is essential to consult a specialist. Early diagnosis makes treatment easier and helps prevent the condition from progressing to a more severe stage.
Doctors stress that the solution begins with early evaluation, avoiding excessive strain, and following appropriate treatments—whether medical or surgical—to restore comfort and hand function.
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