Depression during pregnancy affects about one in seven women, meaning you are not alone—and it is neither a personal failure nor something to feel ashamed of. While pregnancy is often associated with joy and anticipation, many women experience uncontrollable feelings such as sadness, anxiety, and tension. For some, these emotions may develop into clinical prenatal depression, leading to guilt and self-blame.
Dr. Mahmoud Shaaban, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, explains the causes, symptoms, effects on both mother and fetus, and ways to prevent and treat this condition.
What Is Pregnancy Depression?
Also known as antenatal or prenatal depression, it is a serious mental health condition characterized by persistent sadness, hopelessness, loss of interest in activities, and emotional distress that goes beyond normal pregnancy-related mood swings. It requires proper medical attention and treatment.
Causes of Pregnancy Depression
Depression during pregnancy is a public health issue that is still underrecognized. Early detection is crucial to prevent complications such as postpartum depression or psychosis. Research indicates that prenatal depression may affect up to 57.5% of pregnant women.
Its causes include:
Hormonal changes
Genetic predisposition or a history of depression
Psychological and social factors
Lack of social support
Major life stressors such as relationship problems or financial pressure
Symptoms of Pregnancy Depression
Symptoms can overlap with normal pregnancy changes, but warning signs include:
Persistent sadness or hopelessness
Irritability or frequent anger
Loss of interest in loved ones or activities
Negative thoughts about the future or caring for the baby
Sleep disturbances
Significant appetite changes
Constant guilt or self-blame
Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
In severe cases, women may experience thoughts of self-harm or suicide. If symptoms persist for more than two weeks, immediate medical help is essential.
Effects on the Mother and Baby
Untreated pregnancy depression can have serious consequences:
For the baby:
Increased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight
Impaired fetal growth and development
Higher risk of emotional, behavioral, and mental health issues later in life
Difficulties in mother–infant bonding
For the mother:
Neglect of prenatal care
Poor nutrition
Increased risk of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes
Long-term mental health complications
How to Prevent Pregnancy Depression
Address pre-existing mental health concerns
Strengthen social support networks
Manage stressful life events
Undergo regular mental health screenings during pregnancy
Treatment Options
Treatment usually involves a combination of psychological therapy and, when necessary, medication, under medical supervision.
Key steps include:
Never taking or adjusting medication without consulting a doctor
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with balanced nutrition and regular exercise
Seeking emotional support from partners, family, or support groups
Attending regular mental health checkups, even if symptoms improve
Recovery does not end at childbirth—mental health monitoring should continue postpartum.
Self-Care Tips
Prioritize rest and emotional support
Engage in calming activities like walking, meditation, breathing exercises, or listening to music
Talk openly with someone you trust or a mental health professional
Focus on good nutrition and sleep
Reduce stressors and create a comforting environment
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