When you experience respiratory symptoms, it’s natural to worry about COVID-19. However, many other viruses can cause symptoms similar to those of COVID-19. Understanding the differences can help you decide when to consult a doctor or get tested.
Common COVID-19 Symptoms
Since late 2021, the Omicron variant has circulated widely. As of September 2025, a new variant called XFG—nicknamed “Frankenstein” due to its hybrid nature from Omicron subvariants LF.7 and LP.8.1.2—has been reported. COVID-19 is a respiratory viral infection with an incubation period of about five days. Key symptoms include:
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Fever
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Cough
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Shortness of breath or chest tightness
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Headache
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Unusual fatigue or body aches
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Sudden loss of smell (without nasal congestion)
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Complete loss of taste
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Diarrhea
Some individuals may experience sore throat, nasal inflammation, or mild fever, while others may be asymptomatic but still contagious.
Who is at Higher Risk of Severe COVID-19?
Certain groups are more vulnerable to severe symptoms and complications, including:
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Adults aged 65 and older
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Infants (6 months+) and children
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Individuals with chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, obesity, kidney or liver disease, cancer, or organ transplant recipients
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People with weakened immune systems
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Pregnant women
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Residents of long-term care facilities
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Healthcare and social care workers
Severe cases may require hospitalization or intensive care. Older adults may also experience sudden deterioration, confusion, or worsening of existing conditions.
Common Cold Symptoms
The common cold is caused by various viruses affecting the nasal and throat mucosa. Typical symptoms include:
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Runny or congested nose
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Sneezing
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Mild fever
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Slight loss of smell or taste
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Tickling or burning sensation in the nose
Colds usually resolve without complications, though secondary infections of the sinuses, throat, or middle ear can occur if the immune system is weakened.
Key Differences Between COVID-19 and the Common Cold
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Fever, body aches, loss of taste/smell, and persistent fatigue are more indicative of COVID-19.
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Sneezing and nasal congestion are more typical of the common cold.
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Cold symptoms usually improve within a few days, while COVID-19 may worsen after several days.
Note: The only accurate way to distinguish between COVID-19 and a cold is through a PCR or rapid test. Symptoms alone are not reliable for diagnosis.
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