September is observed as Childhood Cancer Awareness Month, a disease caused by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that damage healthy tissues in the body.
There are notable differences between cancers in adults and children. In adults, cancer is often linked to unhealthy lifestyle choices or environmental factors. In children, however, cancer is usually caused by genetic factors. According to Healthline, childhood cancer may result from inherited changes in DNA from the parents, which can develop into cancerous cells. These changes can affect children, fetuses, and even newborns.
Causes of Childhood Cancer
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Genetic factors: Some children inherit genes that may predispose them to cancer. These genes usually do not cause immediate problems but can be triggered by infections, environmental pollution, or other factors.
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Mutated genes: While some cancers are inherited, others result from genetic mutations influenced by external factors.
Early Detection
Detecting cancer early in children is challenging. One key sign may be the appearance of unusual lumps or masses. Parents should be vigilant and seek early testing if any suspicious signs appear.
Common Symptoms of Childhood Cancer:
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Sudden pale skin
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Frequent bleeding
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Unexplained weight loss
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Rapidly growing lumps in any part of the body
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Fever lasting more than two weeks
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Seizures or sudden paralysis
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Severe headaches
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Menstrual irregularities
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Vision problems
Five Common Types of Childhood Cancer
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Brain Tumors:Brain tumors account for up to 26% of childhood cancers worldwide. They often start in the cerebellum and can affect the central nervous system. Symptoms may include vomiting, decreased awareness, and poor coordination.
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Leukemia (Blood Cancer):Leukemia is common among children, affecting bone marrow and blood. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are the most common types in children. Symptoms include bone and joint pain, bleeding, abdominal swelling, and unexplained fever.
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Lymphoma:Lymphoma, or cancer of the lymphatic system, usually affects children over the age of five. It presents with swollen lymph nodes, fever, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, and difficulty breathing.
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Eye Cancer (Retinoblastoma):Eye cancer typically affects children under two years old. Early signs include changes in pupil color, vision problems, crossed eyes, or bulging eyes.
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Bone Cancer (Osteosarcoma):Bone cancer often appears in the legs, arms, pelvis, or ribs, and is more common in children approaching adolescence. Symptoms include localized pain and swelling.
Treatments for Childhood Cancer
Children diagnosed with cancer may undergo:
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Chemotherapy
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Surgery
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Radiation therapy
If your child experiences side effects, report them to the doctor immediately to ensure proper care.
The Importance of Family Support
Family support is crucial during treatment. Parents’ encouragement can motivate children and reduce anxiety. Key strategies include:
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Asking for help from family or friends for daily needs.
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Reducing stress through exercise, music, or journaling.
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Openly discussing fears and concerns with the child’s doctor.
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Self-care: maintaining a healthy diet, resting, and taking breaks.
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Taking an active role in decisions related to the child’s care.
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Expressing anger in a healthy way, such as through a private space for crying or shouting.
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Answering your child’s questions thoroughly.
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Understanding the treatment plan to help adjust daily routines and plan for the future.
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