In this report, Dr. Momtaz El-Alfi, a professor of child psychology and a human development lecturer, helps us explore the traits children inherit from their mother and father, and whether a child’s personality is genetic or acquired. He also explains the concept of the “gene-environment interaction”—a term rooted in the latest findings in behavioral psychology, genetics, and education.
Traits Children Inherit from Mom vs. Dad
60% of a Child’s Traits Are Genetic
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Calmness or anxiety
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Intelligence
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Introversion or extroversion
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Risk-taking
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Emotional sensitivity
Even identical twins raised in different environments often share emotional and behavioral traits, proving that genetics play a key role—up to 60% in some cases.
However, this doesn’t mean we’re ruled entirely by our genes. A child may have certain genetic tendencies that remain dormant unless the environment activates or suppresses them.
The Role of Environment and Upbringing
The environment includes everything surrounding the child from birth—parenting style, family dynamics, education, cultural influences, and even traumatic or supportive experiences.
Research shows that how parents treat their child—whether with affection and kindness or with harsh discipline—deeply shapes their personality.
Example: A child genetically predisposed to anxiety might not develop it if raised in a secure and nurturing home. However, if exposed to constant stress, that inherited trait may intensify and become a dominant part of their personality.
Even the type of education matters. Studies show that children raised in culturally rich and intellectually stimulating environments are 25% more likely to reach their full intellectual potential—even if they weren’t genetically predisposed to high intelligence.
Gene–Environment Interaction: A Scientific Concept
Genetics and environment are not two separate lines—they interact constantly in what scientists call “gene–environment interaction.”
This means genetics define potential, but environment and upbringing decide whether that potential will emerge or remain dormant.
Example: A child may have a genetic inclination toward music, but if never exposed to instruments or encouraged creatively, this trait may never manifest. However, in a home that promotes music and artistic expression, the child might thrive and become a talented musician.
This applies to leadership, creativity, or even negative traits like aggression or social withdrawal.
Studies show that 80% of a child’s mental development happens in the first three years—a time when emotional security and family environment have the greatest influence.
Do Boys Inherit More From Dad and Girls From Mom?
While many cultures believe boys are influenced by their fathers and girls by their mothers, science tells a different story.
Genetically, there’s no gender-based bias in inherited personality traits. A boy can inherit traits from his mother just as easily as from his father, and vice versa.
Some traits are passed not through direct genes, but via “gene activation”—indirect influences. For instance, well-educated or ambitious parents might not pass on “intelligence genes” directly, but their way of thinking, lifestyle, and home atmosphere can spark similar traits in the child through observation and imitation.
Parental Influence on a Child’s Development
Failing to acknowledge the role of environment can waste incredible potential. Children aren’t carbon copies of their parents—they’re unique individuals shaped by nurture as much as nature.
Understanding the gene–environment dynamic gives parents better tools to raise their children consciously, avoiding stereotypes and ensuring that no talent or strength goes undeveloped.
Successful parenting isn't just about discipline or academics—it's about creating an emotionally and intellectually enriching home that encourages curiosity, creativity, and growth in every direction.
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