A stomach ulcer is an open sore that forms in the inner lining of the stomach. Ulcers are classified according to their location: they can be gastric ulcers (in the stomach) or duodenal ulcers if they appear in the first part of the small intestine.
Although peptic ulcers are often associated with adults, children of different ages can also develop them, though this is less common. In many cases, ulcers in children are caused by infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), commonly known as stomach bacteria. Doctors emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent serious health complications that may affect a child’s growth and overall well-being.
Causes of Stomach Ulcers in Children
Several factors may lead to stomach ulcers in children, including:
H. pylori infection: The main cause of ulcers. This bacterium attacks the protective lining of the stomach and intestines, causing inflammation and ulcer formation.
Excessive use of anti-inflammatory medications: Drugs such as ibuprofen and aspirin can weaken the stomach’s protective lining and increase ulcer risk.
Stress ulcers: Severe physical stress caused by major surgery, burns, or serious injuries can lead to ulcers.
Intestinal inflammation related to obesity: Obesity may disturb the balance of gut bacteria and increase inflammation in the digestive system.
Rare medical conditions: Diseases such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, cystic fibrosis, or certain blood disorders can cause excessive stomach acid production and ulcers.
Poor hygiene: Infection can spread through contact with the saliva or stool of an infected person, or by consuming contaminated food or water.
Symptoms of Stomach Ulcers in Children
Parents should watch for the following symptoms and consult a doctor if they appear.
Early Warning Signs
Upper abdominal pain: Often described by the child as a burning or stabbing sensation, especially when the stomach is empty or late at night.
Loss of appetite: The child may avoid food or feel full quickly.
Frequent nausea and vomiting: Particularly after meals.
Bloating and gas: Feeling uncomfortable fullness and frequent burping.
Symptoms Requiring Immediate Medical Attention
Dark or black stools: May indicate internal bleeding.
Vomiting blood: Or vomiting material that looks like coffee grounds.
Sudden unexplained weight loss
Fatigue and paleness: Often due to anemia caused by bleeding ulcers.
Dietary Tips to Help Calm a Child’s Stomach
A simple, gentle diet can help reduce irritation and ease ulcer symptoms. Focus on foods that are easy to digest:
Recommended Foods
Light proteins: Boiled or grilled chicken (without skin), grilled fish, and well-cooked eggs.
Mild carbohydrates: Well-cooked white rice, mashed potatoes (without heavy butter), and toasted white bread.
Selected fruits: Bananas (which can help coat the stomach), peeled grated apples, and pears.
Cooked vegetables: Such as zucchini and carrots, which are easier to digest.
Dairy products: Yogurt containing probiotics and low-fat milk.
Foods to Avoid
Citrus fruits: Such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruit because they increase stomach irritation.
Spicy foods and strong spices
Fried and fatty foods: Such as fast food and fried potatoes, which slow digestion and increase acidity.
Carbonated drinks and chocolate: Because they contain caffeine and sugars that stimulate acid production.
Helpful Eating Habits
Serve 5–6 small meals daily instead of three large meals.
Avoid eating within three hours before bedtime.
Encourage the child to drink water regularly in small amounts.
Treatment of Stomach Ulcers in Children
Treatment usually depends on the underlying cause and may include:
Antibiotics: Prescribed to eliminate H. pylori infection.
Acid-reducing medications: Help reduce stomach acid so the stomach lining can heal.
Protective medications: Form a protective layer over the ulcer to shield it from acid and digestive enzymes.
Stopping triggering medications: Avoid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen unless recommended by a doctor.
Dietary adjustments: Avoid spicy, acidic, and fried foods during treatment.
Follow-up tests: Stool tests or other examinations may be required to confirm that the infection has been completely treated and the ulcer has healed.
Preventing Stomach Ulcers in Children
Since H. pylori infection can spread easily among family members, prevention is very important.
Key preventive measures include:
Ensure proper handwashing with soap and water, especially after using the bathroom and before eating. Teach children to wash their hands for at least 20 seconds.
Avoid sharing cups, spoons, or toothbrushes among family members.
Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating.
Ensure meat and food are cooked completely, and avoid food from unreliable sources.
Avoid feeding children using the same spoon used by adults.
Include probiotic foods such as yogurt in the child’s diet to help maintain healthy gut bacteria.
If one family member is diagnosed with H. pylori, doctors may recommend testing other family members to prevent reinfection.
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