If you think high blood pressure only affects adults, that’s not entirely correct. Children can also develop hypertension, and cases among young people are increasing. According to Healthline, many parents are unaware of the risk factors that may put their children at risk.
When Is a Child Considered to Have High Blood Pressure?
Diagnosing high blood pressure in children is more complex than in adults.
Unlike adults, who typically use a fixed reference such as 120/80 mmHg, children’s normal blood pressure levels vary depending on:
Age
Sex
Height
Body size and muscle mass
Because of these variations, pediatricians use blood pressure percentile charts rather than fixed numbers. A doctor’s evaluation is essential to confirm whether a child has hypertension.
Symptoms of High Blood Pressure in Children
High blood pressure in children often causes no obvious symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they may signal a more serious condition known as a hypertensive crisis.
Possible warning signs include:
Headaches
Blurred vision
Nausea or vomiting
Chest pain
Nosebleeds
Unexplained weight gain
Fatigue
Seizures
Shortness of breath
Rapid or pounding heartbeat
In newborns, symptoms may include:
Breathing difficulties
Sweating
Irritability
Pale skin
Vomiting
Seizures
If these symptoms appear, medical attention is necessary.
Causes of High Blood Pressure in Children
Most childhood hypertension cases are classified as secondary hypertension, meaning they are caused by an underlying condition, such as:
Kidney disease
Heart problems
Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism)
Sleep apnea
Medication side effects
Other contributing factors include:
Family history of hypertension
Overweight or obesity
Lack of physical activity
Diet high in salt and calories
Exposure to cigarette smoke
Excess caffeine intake
Poor sleep and stress
Effects of High Blood Pressure on Children
Children with hypertension are more likely to develop high blood pressure in adulthood.
If left untreated, it can increase the risk of:
Heart attack
Heart failure
Stroke
Kidney disease
It may also damage blood vessels in the eyes, potentially leading to vision problems or even blindness in severe cases.
Early control is crucial to prevent long-term complications.
Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children
Treatment usually involves a combination of lifestyle changes and, if necessary, medication. Ramadan can be a good opportunity to introduce healthier habits.
Lifestyle Changes
Adopt a balanced diet
Reduce salt and sodium intake
Limit sugary and high-calorie foods
Increase fruits, vegetables, and lean protein
Encourage regular physical activity
Support healthy weight loss if the child is overweight
Medications
If lifestyle changes are not sufficient, doctors may prescribe medications such as:
Diuretics
Other blood pressure–lowering medications as needed
With proper treatment, hypertension can be controlled and complications prevented.
How to Prevent High Blood Pressure in Children
1. Reduce Salt Intake
Limit sodium-rich processed foods and canned products.
For children over 3 years old, daily sodium intake should not exceed 1,500 mg.
2. Maintain a Healthy Weight
Reduce excessive calorie intake, especially foods high in fats and sugars. Prepare healthy snacks at home.
3. Limit Screen Time
Excessive TV watching or video gaming reduces physical activity and increases obesity risk. Encourage outdoor play and regular exercise.
4. Promote Physical Activity
Regular sports and movement are essential for heart health.
Managing Blood Pressure During Ramadan
If your child has high blood pressure:
Consult a doctor before fasting
Ensure adequate hydration during non-fasting hours
Maintain a balanced iftar and suhoor
Avoid salty and processed foods
Ensure proper sleep
Medical supervision is especially important during Ramadan to prevent dehydration or blood pressure fluctuations.
Final Takeaway
High blood pressure is not just an adult condition—it can affect children too. Early diagnosis, healthy lifestyle habits, and medical follow-up are key to protecting your child’s long-term heart and overall health.
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