Doctors constantly warn mothers not to overuse antibiotics in all forms—whether syrup, capsules, or injections—without a specialist’s prescription. It is equally important not to overuse medications in general, including dietary supplements, in hopes of improving a child’s health or strengthening immunity without medical necessity. Most childhood illnesses can resolve naturally as the immune system does its job, without the need for medication.
Due to the widespread use of antibiotics today and the frequent illnesses among children, awareness of their proper use has become essential.
What Is an Antibiotic?
An antibiotic is a powerful medication used to treat infections in the body. However, it is not effective against all types of infections. Antibiotics work against bacterial infections, but they do not treat viral infections such as the common cold or flu.
The term “antibiotic” was popularized by the scientist Selman Waksman in 1942. Antibiotics are substances produced by microorganisms, such as bacteria, that inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are often prescribed before laboratory results identify the exact bacteria causing the illness.
Childhood Illnesses Treated with Antibiotics
Parents should know that a child’s cold, flu, or fever does not automatically require antibiotics, as these are usually viral infections.
However, antibiotics may be prescribed carefully in certain cases, including:
Urinary tract infections (common in children, especially girls)
Some skin infections
Bacterial throat infections
Preventive use before certain surgical procedures
Antibiotics come in different forms—not only syrups or capsules but also injections and topical creams or ointments. It is important to:
Administer doses on time
Avoid giving additional medications after injections unless approved
Continue topical antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve
Guidelines for Giving Antibiotics to Children
Follow the doctor’s instructions and read the medication leaflet carefully. Dosage depends on the child’s age, weight, and type of infection.
When preparing powdered antibiotics, add the correct amount of sterilized or previously boiled and cooled water. Shake gently between the palms instead of vigorously.
Use the measuring spoon or syringe provided with the medication.
Complete the full prescribed course, even if the child improves. Stopping early can lead to antibiotic resistance, and improvement may not be noticeable for 48 hours or more.
Inform the doctor about all other medications or supplements the child is taking to avoid drug interactions.
Risks of Overusing Antibiotics
Using antibiotics without medical necessity can seriously harm a child’s health. Bacteria can develop resistance through a complex process known as horizontal gene transfer. Research shows that bacteria can pass resistance genes to other bacteria without needing to reproduce.
Excessive antibiotic use can disturb the natural balance of beneficial bacteria in the intestines. The human gut contains about 100 trillion bacteria. Some are harmful, but many are beneficial—known as gut flora—which support digestion and strengthen immunity. Overuse of antibiotics reduces these beneficial bacteria and may turn helpful bacteria into harmful ones.
Additionally, antibiotics can irritate sensitive intestines in some children and may cause diarrhea.
How to Give Antibiotics Safely
One helpful recommendation during antibiotic treatment is to give the child yogurt. Yogurt contains beneficial bacteria known as probiotics. While antibiotics kill harmful bacteria causing the infection, they also destroy beneficial bacteria in the gut.
Providing yogurt during treatment can:
Improve digestion
Strengthen immunity
Reduce the likelihood of antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Antibiotic treatments are usually prescribed for at least five days and may extend to seven or ten days, depending on the condition.
Conclusion
Antibiotics are powerful and life-saving medications when used correctly. However, unnecessary or excessive use can weaken a child’s natural defenses and contribute to antibiotic resistance. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before giving antibiotics to your child, and follow medical instructions carefully to ensure safe and effective treatment.
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