Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy and Their Effects on Mother and Baby

Many pregnant women experience nausea and vomiting during the first trimester. Mild nausea usually does not affect the baby, but severe and frequent vomiting can lead to maternal dehydration and weight loss, which may indirectly impact the baby’s physical, neurological, and psychological development.

What is Pregnancy-Related Nausea?

Nausea occurs due to hormonal changes, especially hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) and progesterone.
Hyperemesis gravidarum is severe, persistent vomiting causing dehydration and fatigue.
It may be triggered by the mother’s heightened sensitivity to hormones produced by the fetus.

Causes of Nausea During Pregnancy

Hormonal changes: High hormone levels affect the digestive system.
Sensitivity to smells and foods: Certain odors or foods can worsen nausea.
Thyroid activity: Hyperthyroidism can cause prolonged vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss. It is a common reason for hospitalization in the first trimester.

Effects of Severe Nausea on Pregnancy

Affects approximately 3.6% of pregnant women.
Increases the risk of:
- Postpartum depression (2.7 times higher).
- Postpartum psychosis and neurological disorders from vitamin B1 deficiency.
- Refeeding syndrome due to malnutrition.

Severe nausea may impact fetal neurological and psychological development by reducing essential nutrients.

Effects on the Baby

Mild nausea usually does not affect fetal growth.
Severe cases with maternal weight loss and dehydration may limit nutrient supply, affecting the baby’s growth and neurological health.

When to See a Doctor

Vomiting more than 3–4 times a day.
Rapid weight loss over 5 kg (11 lbs).
Persistent dizziness or fainting.
Signs of dehydration: extreme thirst, dry mouth, reduced urination, or dark urine.

Tips to Reduce Nausea

Eat small, frequent meals throughout the day.
Avoid fatty, spicy, or strongly seasoned foods.
Drink enough fluids such as water, fresh juice, or green tea.
Practice rest and relaxation, meditation, or yoga.
Maintain a balanced diet: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, proteins, dairy.
Consult your doctor about safe medications for nausea based on your pregnancy condition.