Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

Technology refers to inventions that help individuals in their daily lives.

• Media and communication relate to information and the ways it is conveyed.

• Communication methods have evolved over time, including face-to-face speech, letters, radio, television, and more.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is defined as the use of technology for communication.

• It includes devices like computers and telephones.

• In short, ICT refers to all technologies used to convert data in various forms into meaningful information.

Components of ICT

There are five main components in an ICT network, besides the computers themselves:

1. Data: Raw facts and figures.

2. Hardware: Physical components of technological devices.

3. Software: Programs and applications that run on computers.

4. Information: Processed data that is meaningful to users.

5. Procedures: Ordered sequences of actions to ensure the system functions smoothly as intended.

Positive Impacts of ICT

1. Easy Access to Information

• Technology simplifies finding information and services.

• It facilitates e-commerce, entertainment, and recreational activities.

2. Improved Access to Education

• Online learning platforms offer flexible educational opportunities.

• ICT opens new job opportunities, including remote work and communication-based roles.

3. Access to New Tools and Opportunities

• Innovations like photography, image editing software, and high-quality printers became more accessible.

• ICT supports social inclusion for people with disabilities, e.g., Braille technology for the visually impaired and screen magnifiers.

4. Social Networks

• Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn help users stay connected globally.

5. Online Shopping and E-commerce

• ICT enables online shopping, electronic payments, automated transactions, and data collection systems.

Negative Impacts of ICT

1. Job Displacement: Automation and robotics can replace human labor, causing economic and social consequences.

2. Reduced Face-to-Face Interaction: Online communication may lead to isolation and difficulties in expressing emotions.

3. Physical and Health Issues: Prolonged technology use can cause headaches, neck pain, eye strain, and social isolation.

4. High Costs: Many ICT tools are expensive to buy and maintain, limiting access for low-income individuals.

5. Misinformation: Not all online sources are reliable; some spread false or misleading information.

6. Privacy Risks: Personal data may be exposed to viruses, malware, or online fraud, especially on social networks and e-commerce sites.

The Technological Revolution in Media

• Recent technological advances have transformed the speed and ease of information dissemination.

• ICT has reduced geographical barriers and improved access to information.

Key Steps in ICT:

1. Collecting data and information (audio, visual, written, or digital).

2. Storing and retrieving data efficiently.

3. Transmitting and sharing information manually, electronically, or digitally.

Major Developments:

• Computers, satellites, microwave lines, fiber optics, coaxial cables, digital communications, multimedia, Internet access, mobile phones, email, and online conferences.

• ICT advancements have eliminated geographical constraints, allowing instantaneous information sharing.