Whooping cough is a dangerous respiratory infection, particularly for children and infants. Although a vaccine exists that has significantly reduced mortality, the disease remains a threat if not properly treated. Understanding its symptoms and prevention is essential.
Prepared by: Iman Mohamed
What is Whooping Cough?
Whooping cough, or pertussis, is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It spreads easily through droplets from coughing or sneezing, making it highly contagious, especially in enclosed spaces.
The disease is characterized by repeated coughing fits that often end with a sharp “whooping” intake of breath. Historically, whooping cough caused thousands of deaths in the 1930s and 1940s. Vaccination programs have drastically reduced these numbers, but the disease can still affect people whose immunity has waned since their last booster.
Recent statistics show a resurgence of pertussis since the 1980s, particularly among:
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Adolescents (10–19 years old)
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Infants under six months old
This resurgence is often linked to declining vaccination rates in some communities.
Symptoms of Whooping Cough
Early symptoms resemble a common cold, which can delay diagnosis:
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Nasal congestion or runny nose
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Frequent sneezing
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Mild or intermittent cough
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Slight fever
After 1–2 weeks, symptoms progress to severe coughing fits, which may make breathing difficult. In children, these fits can cause:
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Blue lips or fingernails due to low oxygen
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Infants under six months may not show the typical cough but instead experience apnea (temporary cessation of breathing), which is life-threatening.
How is Whooping Cough Diagnosed?
Diagnosis relies on:
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Medical history
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Physical examination
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Laboratory tests from nasal secretions to detect the bacteria
Early diagnosis is crucial. Prompt treatment reduces complications and prevents the spread to others (Johns Hopkins Medicine).
Treatment of Whooping Cough
If confirmed, antibiotics are prescribed. When treatment begins within the first three weeks, it can shorten the illness and reduce symptom severity.
After this period, antibiotics are less effective, and care focuses on supportive home management:
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Complete rest and avoiding stress
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Drinking plenty of fluids
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Eating small, frequent meals to reduce vomiting
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Avoiding irritants such as smoke, dust, and strong odors
Doctors do not recommend over-the-counter cough medicines, as they are ineffective and may be harmful. Severe cases, especially in infants, may require hospitalization.
Prevention of Whooping Cough
Vaccination is the most effective prevention:
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Children receive five DTaP doses during early childhood
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Adolescents and adults require a booster dose
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Pregnant women are advised to get a booster in the third trimester to protect the newborn
Other preventive measures include:
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Family members taking antibiotics if someone is infected, due to rapid transmission
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Good hygiene practices, such as:
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Regular handwashing
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Covering the mouth when coughing or sneezing
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Staying home when sick
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Key takeaway: Early recognition, vaccination, and careful hygiene are essential to protect children and communities from whooping cough.
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