Acid Reflux During Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms, and Safe Remedies

Acid reflux (GERD) or heartburn is very common during pregnancy, affecting nearly half of expectant mothers at some stage. Symptoms can appear early but are usually more intense in the third trimester. While not typically harmful to the baby, reflux can cause significant discomfort for the mother, affecting sleep and daily activity.

We consulted Dr. Mahmoud Rahim, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, to explain the causes, symptoms, and safe management of acid reflux during pregnancy.

Acid Reflux vs. Heartburn

Heartburn: A burning sensation in the stomach or chest.
Acid reflux: Stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing burning behind the breastbone, sour taste in the mouth, and sometimes cough or throat irritation.

Why Does Acid Reflux Happen in Pregnancy?

Hormonal changes: Increased progesterone relaxes the muscle between stomach and esophagus, allowing acid to rise.
Uterine pressure: As the baby grows, pressure on the stomach increases.
Slower digestion: Pregnancy naturally slows digestion, keeping food and acid longer in the stomach.
Dietary habits: Large, fatty, or spicy meals can worsen reflux.

Common Symptoms

Heartburn or burning in chest/throat.
Sour or bitter taste in the mouth.
Trouble swallowing or throat tightness.
Dry cough, throat irritation.
Frequent burping or nausea.

Factors That Worsen Reflux

Twin or multiple pregnancy (increased abdominal pressure).
Rapid maternal weight gain.
Trigger foods: chocolate, caffeine, carbonated drinks, spicy or fatty foods.
Lying down immediately after eating.
Smoking or exposure to tobacco smoke.

Dietary Tips to Reduce Reflux

Eat small, frequent meals instead of three large ones.
Avoid trigger foods (spicy, fatty, chocolate, caffeine, fizzy drinks).
Do not eat right before bed—wait at least 2–3 hours.
Include soothing foods: yogurt, oatmeal, bananas, whole-grain bread.
Sip water throughout the day rather than drinking large amounts at once.

Lifestyle Tips

Elevate your head while sleeping (use extra pillows or raise the bed by 15–20 cm).
Stay upright after meals; avoid lying down.
Wear loose clothing to reduce abdominal pressure.
Take short walks after meals to aid digestion.

When to Consider Medical Treatment

See your doctor if:

Heartburn is severe and frequent despite lifestyle changes.
You experience persistent vomiting, blood in vomit, or severe swallowing difficulties.
Your doctor may prescribe safe options during pregnancy (antacids or protective medications), but never take medication without medical advice.

Natural and Safe Remedies

Ginger tea: Relieves nausea and heartburn.
Fresh mint: Can soothe digestion (avoid if it worsens symptoms).
Chamomile tea: Gentle on the stomach, aids digestion.
Light walking: Promotes healthy digestion and reduces pressure on the stomach.

Red Flags—Seek Medical Help Immediately

Severe chest pain with heartburn.
Persistent or bloody vomiting.
Sudden weight loss or loss of appetite.
Pain or difficulty when swallowing.

General Prevention Tips

Stick to small, frequent meals.
Avoid lying down right after eating.
Walk lightly after meals.
Choose loose, comfortable clothing.
Sleep on your left side to reduce stomach pressure.
Keep a food diary to track and avoid personal trigger foods.

✨ Most cases of reflux during pregnancy are not dangerous, but managing symptoms through diet, lifestyle, and safe remedies helps ensure comfort and prevents complications.