What Is Emotional Development in Children?

Emotional development refers to how children understand and express their emotions and how they interact socially and build relationships. This growth involves a set of emotional skills, including the ability to recognize their own feelings and those of others. According to Dr. Alia Al-Maghribi, a child psychiatrist, improved emotional well-being in children can help regulate growth hormone levels—impacting both mental and physical health positively.

Key Aspects of Emotional Development

It starts from birth and evolves through a child’s experiences.
Emotional skills are developed at home through family interactions.
These skills help children form healthy relationships, develop empathy, and respond to others' feelings.
Neglect or lack of emotional interaction at home, especially in large families where children may not get individual attention, can lead to psychological issues like loneliness or social withdrawal.

Role of Parents in Emotional Development

Emotional growth is nurtured by the love and attention children receive from their parents starting at birth.
Observant, supportive parents help children grow into emotionally healthy individuals.
Family time, interactive activities, and reduced exposure to external distractions enhance emotional and social skills, as well as language development.
Positive emotional experiences at home contribute to long-term success in personal and professional relationships.

Stages of Emotional Development by Age

At 3 months:

Enjoys playing with parents; may cry when play stops.
Begins facial and bodily communication.
Can mimic facial expressions.

At 7 months:

Responds to name and mother’s voice.
Reacts emotionally to caregivers.
Enjoys looking at own reflection.

At 12 months:

Shows shyness around strangers.
Prefers specific people and toys.
Begins to show food preferences.
Repeats sounds and gestures.

Note: Some children may reach these milestones later or earlier—this variation is normal.

Warning Signs of Delayed Emotional Development

Social withdrawal:
- In middle childhood, kids need social interaction to build confidence. A child who avoids forming friendships or engaging in group activities may be emotionally behind.
Aggressiveness:
- Around age 8, some children become aggressive if they lack emotional regulation. This can lead to isolation, further aggression, and emotional instability.
Low self-confidence:
- Coupled with aggression, low self-esteem can prevent children from re-engaging socially, leading to emotional and social "dwarfism."
Disregard for rules:
- Ignoring family or school rules can signal poor emotional and cognitive growth. It may also point to conditions like ADHD, requiring early intervention from mental health professionals.