Antibiotics for Children: How to Use Them Safely and Avoid Overuse

Doctors repeatedly warn parents against the overuse of antibiotics in children. Giving antibiotics—whether as syrups, capsules, or topical creams—without a pediatrician’s prescription can be harmful. The same caution applies to other medications and nutritional supplements intended to “boost immunity” without medical necessity. Most childhood illnesses can resolve naturally as the immune system fights infection.

Pediatric consultant Dr. Tahseen Abdel Aziz shared important insights with Sayidaty & Your Child regarding the safe use of antibiotics in children, when they are necessary, and the risks of misuse.

What is an Antibiotic?

An antibiotic is a powerful medication designed to fight infections caused by bacteria. It does not work against viral infections, such as colds, flu, or most fevers.

Antibiotics were first developed in 1942, based on the work of scientist Selman Waksman. They act by stopping bacterial growth or killing bacteria. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are often prescribed before lab results confirm the exact type of bacteria, but specific tests can later guide more precise treatment.

Childhood Conditions Treated with Antibiotics

Not for viral illnesses: A runny nose, flu, or fever does not justify giving antibiotics.
Used selectively for bacterial infections:
- Urinary tract infections (common in children, especially girls)
- Certain skin infections
- Bacterial throat infections
- Preventive use before some surgeries

Antibiotics come in multiple forms: syrups, capsules, injections, and topical creams. Strict adherence to prescribed doses and schedules is crucial. For injections, avoid giving other medications immediately afterward, and follow instructions for topical antibiotic creams completely, even if symptoms improve quickly.

Safe Administration of Antibiotics

Follow the doctor’s instructions: Dosage depends on the child’s age, weight, and type of infection.
Mix powdered antibiotics correctly: Use the exact amount of sterilized or boiled-and-cooled water; shake gently and avoid adding water in multiple stages incorrectly.
Use measuring spoons: Always use the spoon or device provided with the medication.
Complete the course: Do not stop early when symptoms improve. Stopping too soon may lead to antibiotic resistance.
Report all medications: Inform the doctor about all medications or supplements your child is taking to prevent adverse interactions.

Risks of Antibiotic Overuse

Antibiotic overuse can harm a child’s health by promoting bacterial resistance.
Beneficial gut bacteria (“gut flora”) may be destroyed, reducing digestive efficiency and immune support.
Children may experience gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea, or other complications.

How to Support Your Child While on Antibiotics

Offer yogurt or probiotic-rich foods to help restore beneficial gut bacteria.
Antibiotics usually are prescribed for 5–10 days. Completing the full course ensures harmful bacteria are eliminated while minimizing risks to gut health.
Yogurt helps prevent diarrhea, a common side effect of antibiotic use.

Key Takeaways:

Never give antibiotics without a doctor’s prescription.
Complete the full course, even if symptoms improve.
Protect the child’s gut flora with probiotics or yogurt.
Avoid unnecessary supplements or medications.
Follow all preparation and dosage instructions carefully.

By using antibiotics responsibly, parents can protect their child’s health, support the immune system, and prevent antibiotic resistance.