Why Food Allergies Are Increasing in Children — And How Schools Can Keep Them Safe

Food allergies in children are on the rise, affecting millions worldwide. The World Health Organization has described allergic diseases as a “modern epidemic,” with an estimated 5–8% of children suffering from food allergies. This makes meal preparation a “minefield” for anyone feeding large groups of children, such as schools. Common allergens like gluten, dairy, and nuts pose challenges for school caterers who must cook for hundreds of students safely.

A major challenge for schools is designing menus that meet the needs of children with allergies without isolating them or compromising taste and quality. Here are the main difficulties food preparers face and how they work to prevent allergic reactions among children.

Why Are Food Allergies Increasing in Children?

There are two main reasons.

First, diets have changed drastically. We now consume highly processed foods designed for industrial farming and mass distribution. Second, our hygiene standards have risen significantly — we sanitize everything. Food allergies occur when a child's immune system mistakenly identifies certain foods as harmful, causing illness after ingestion. Essentially, the immune system fights things it shouldn’t.

School Kitchens Under Pressure

School food providers face unique pressures. They must feed large groups of children in short timeframes while offering healthy, balanced, appealing meals — all within budget. On top of that, they must safely manage allergen risks.

Here are some allergen-friendly options commonly used in schools:

Turkey

Often overlooked in children's diets, turkey is one of the leanest and most nutrient-rich protein sources. It provides:

• High protein for growth and development

• Low fat for heart health

• Essential vitamins and minerals such as B vitamins, zinc, and selenium

Turkey can be used in many recipes children enjoy, from grilled slices to stir-fry dishes.

Gluten-Free Chicken Nuggets

For students with gluten allergies or sensitivities, safe alternatives are essential. Gluten-free chicken nuggets offer:

• A product free of gluten and other major allergens

• Easy large-batch preparation

• Versatility for many recipes, such as baked pasta or wraps

These options allow schools to serve meals that are safe and enjoyable for all children.

Gluten-Free Peanut Products

Peanut butter is naturally gluten-free, but processed products may contain gluten due to cross-contamination or additives. Always check labels and look for certified gluten-free markings.

Important Facts About Food Allergies

1. Food Allergy ≠ Food Intolerance

Many people confuse the two.

• Food allergies involve the immune system and can be life-threatening.

• Food intolerances affect the digestive system and are never life-threatening.

Children with true allergies will react every time they eat the allergen. Symptoms may affect multiple body systems, including skin, lungs, stomach, mouth, nose, throat, and heart.

Symptoms usually appear within two hours of eating the food.

2. Most Foods Do Not Cause Airborne Reactions

Serious allergic reactions occur only when the food is eaten.

Smelling peanut butter, for example, will not cause a severe reaction, although cooking fish may release allergens into the air.

3. Soap and Water — Not Hand Sanitizer — Removes Allergens

Sanitizers do not destroy allergenic proteins.

Proper cleaning requires soap and water, both for hands and surfaces.

4. Children with Food Allergies Must Carry Epinephrine

Antihistamines help mild symptoms, but anaphylaxis requires epinephrine.

Children must have:

• An emergency plan

• Two epinephrine auto-injectors

• Immediate access to emergency services after use

5. Children with Allergies Can Still Enjoy Eating Out

Preparation is key:

• Check restaurant menus and ingredients ahead of time.

• Avoid buffets due to cross-contamination.

• Carry an allergy card listing allergens to show kitchen staff.

• Always bring safe snacks for school or parties.

When traveling, maintain hygiene by cleaning airplane trays and seats and practicing good handwashing.

6. A New Option Exists for Peanut Allergy Treatment

A recently approved FDA oral immunotherapy, Palforzia, exposes children to tiny amounts of peanut to reduce reaction severity after accidental exposure.

It is not a cure, and children must still carry epinephrine and avoid peanuts.

Final Thoughts

Food allergies can be frightening and potentially life-threatening, but with proper education and precautions, children can live healthy, normal lives. While allergies aren't extremely common, children with them deserve the same treatment as everyone else. If your child feels isolated or experiences bullying, encourage open communication with you or their teacher.