Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common issue among pregnant women due to hormonal changes and the growing uterus, which puts pressure on the bladder. This pressure prevents the bladder from emptying completely, leaving residual urine that encourages bacterial growth. Over time, this may lead to bladder infections and UTIs.
We spoke with Dr. Manal Abdel-Tawab, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, to understand the causes of UTIs in late pregnancy, their symptoms, prevention strategies, and treatment options.
Causes of UTIs During Pregnancy
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Hormonal changes: Pregnancy hormones such as progesterone relax bladder muscles and slow urine flow, giving bacteria a chance to grow.
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Increased uterine pressure: As the uterus enlarges, it presses on the bladder, preventing complete emptying and leaving behind urine that may harbor bacteria.
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Changes in the urinary tract: The urethra widens during pregnancy, making it easier for bacteria to enter.
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Sugar and protein in urine: Elevated levels during pregnancy create a suitable environment for bacterial growth.
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Anatomical factors: Women are generally more prone to UTIs because bacteria can reach their urinary tract more easily.
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Recent medical procedures: Catheterization or urinary interventions may increase the risk of infection.
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Pre-existing conditions: Women with congenital urinary problems or weakened immunity are more vulnerable.
Common Symptoms
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Burning or pain during or after urination
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A persistent feeling of a full bladder
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Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
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Frequent and urgent need to urinate, even in small amounts
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Leakage of urine (incontinence)
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Pain or heaviness in the lower abdomen
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Low-grade fever
Silent UTIs
Sometimes UTIs occur without obvious symptoms, known as asymptomatic bacteriuria. Regular urine tests are therefore essential, especially in the third trimester. Subtle signs such as fatigue, back pain, or nausea may be overlooked as normal pregnancy discomfort but could indicate infection.
Treatment and Prevention
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Consult a doctor: Only a physician can prescribe safe antibiotics during pregnancy.
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Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps flush out bacteria.
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Do not delay urination: Empty the bladder as soon as you feel the urge.
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Proper hygiene: Always wipe front to back to prevent bacteria from entering the urethra.
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Cranberry juice: Some studies suggest it may prevent bacteria from sticking to the urinary tract.
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Routine checkups: Regular urine cultures during pregnancy help detect infections early.
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Avoid irritants: Skip sprays or powders in the genital area.
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Good personal hygiene: Keep the area clean and dry.
Possible Complications in Late Pregnancy
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Kidney infection (pyelonephritis): If untreated, UTIs can spread to the kidneys, causing severe back pain, high fever, and the need for hospitalization with IV antibiotics.
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Impact on the baby: Inflammation in the mother’s body can reduce oxygen flow to the fetus, potentially affecting growth or leading to low birth weight.
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Preterm labor: Untreated infections may trigger contractions, leading to early delivery.
👉 Bottom line: UTIs during pregnancy should never be ignored. Even mild symptoms must be reported to the doctor to prevent serious complications for both mother and baby.
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