Mental Health During Pregnancy: Protecting Mom and Baby

Pregnancy brings numerous physical and psychological changes, varying in intensity, over roughly nine months. Among the psychological concerns that expectant mothers may face is antenatal depression. While this term has gained attention recently, it does not mean that pregnant women are free from other mental health symptoms, such as persistent anxiety and stress, which can arise for various reasons.

It is crucial for those around the expectant mother to care for her mental health just as much as her physical health. The mother herself should understand the causes of her emotional fluctuations. Dr. Salma Abdullah, a consultant in obstetrics and gynecology, spoke exclusively to Nador Magazine about the link between pregnancy and emotions, the reasons behind mood swings, and effective ways to preserve mental health for the wellbeing of both mother and baby.

Causes of Emotional Changes During Pregnancy

Hormonal changes:

Pregnancy is a critical period that triggers hormonal shifts, especially during the first trimester (the first three months). These changes can cause the mother to feel irritable, anxious, or stressed, often feeling unable to control her emotions. The surge in pregnancy hormones, coupled with fluctuations in “happiness hormones,” increases emotional sensitivity, leading to rapid mood swings. Such changes are common and expected during pregnancy.

Sleep deprivation:

Inadequate or disrupted sleep can exacerbate irritability, anxiety, and stress, potentially leading to antenatal depression.

Nutrient deficiencies:

Deficiencies in key vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamin D, before and during pregnancy can worsen anxiety and mood fluctuations, sometimes reaching concerning levels.

How Maternal Mental Health Affects the Baby

A pregnant woman’s emotional wellbeing is essential for her own health and that of her baby. Avoiding sources of stress and anxiety throughout all three trimesters is crucial. A recent British study found that maternal stress during pregnancy can affect the child’s future mental health, increasing the risk of anxiety, autism spectrum disorders, and obsessive-compulsive tendencies.

Previously, it was believed that maternal stress primarily affected only the mother’s body and mind. However, studies—including one conducted at King’s College London—show that maternal stress can alter the development of the white matter in the fetal brain. Excess cortisol (the stress hormone) can cross the placenta, affecting the baby’s emotional, cognitive, and behavioral development.

The study surveyed 250 pregnant women, many of whom reported experiencing stress and psychological challenges during pregnancy. Findings also suggest that stress and anxiety may increase the risk of preterm birth (between the 23rd and 33rd weeks of pregnancy). These prenatal stressors can influence brain development, specifically the formation and integrity of white matter, which is crucial for the nervous system.

Tips for Maintaining Mental Health During Pregnancy

• Protect your emotional environment: Avoid stressful situations and negative influences at home, work, and socially.

• Support network: Partners, family, and friends should provide emotional support and be aware of the mother’s mood swings.

• Limit caffeine: Reduce coffee, sodas, and other caffeine-containing drinks. Instead, opt for herbal teas like peppermint, chamomile, or anise, in moderation.

• Seek professional help: If stress or anxiety becomes overwhelming, consult a psychologist for therapy sessions to develop strategies to manage emotional pressures.

• Exercise: Simple walks in nature are highly effective for boosting mood and mental health.

• Home yoga and meditation: Practice basic yoga, listen to music, or spend time in meditation to release negative emotions.

• Promote good sleep: Establish bedtime routines such as reading and taking a warm bath to enhance sleep quality.

Maintaining a balanced mental state during pregnancy is essential not only for the mother’s health but also for the optimal development of the baby’s emotional and cognitive systems.