Health Risks of Air Conditioners and How to Avoid Them

In this hot and humid weather, most people turn to air conditioners as the ideal solution to escape the summer heat. However, if an AC unit breaks down or is not properly maintained, it can become a potential source for transmitting disease-causing microbes through the air, ranging from the common cold to pneumonia.

A report by Science Alert highlighted that air conditioners can pose several health and environmental risks due to the energy they consume, which contributes to climate change. Some of these risks may also negatively affect human health.

Health Risks of Air Conditioners

1. Respiratory Problems

Air conditioners can trigger respiratory issues such as allergies, bronchitis, and asthma, especially if they are not cleaned regularly. The buildup of dust, mold, and fungi inside the unit can worsen these conditions.

2. Skin Dryness

The cold, dry air produced by AC units can lead to skin dryness and irritation, particularly with prolonged exposure.

3. Air-Conditioning-Related Diseases

Certain diseases may spread through air conditioners, such as Legionnaires’ disease—a type of pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria. This infection spreads by inhaling contaminated water droplets, particularly in hotels, hospitals, and office buildings. Symptoms include coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, fever, and flu-like signs. It can be life-threatening and may require hospitalization.

4. Worsening Allergies

AC units may worsen allergy symptoms in sensitive individuals, as they can circulate pollen, dust, and other allergens through the air. Humidity and dust inside AC systems can also foster the growth of fungi such as Aspergillus and Penicillium, which pose serious risks to people with weakened immune systems, transplant patients, or premature infants.

How to Avoid AC-Related Risks

To minimize these dangers, regular maintenance and cleaning of air conditioners is essential. Proper servicing helps reduce the spread of viruses and microbes. On the other hand, neglect increases risks, especially with low indoor humidity. Dry nasal and throat membranes weaken the body’s natural defenses against germs.