Causes of Retinoblastoma
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It occurs due to genetic mutations in the retinal nerve cells, causing abnormal growth and multiplication of cancerous cells.
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In many cases, retinoblastoma is hereditary, passed down from one parent with a 50% chance of inheritance for each child.
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These genetic mutations lead to the death of healthy cells and accumulation of tumor cells, which can invade deeper parts of the eye and potentially spread to the brain or spine.
Symptoms of Retinoblastoma in Children
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Leukocoria (White Pupillary Reflex): A white reflection or glow in the pupil, often seen in photos taken with a flash, resembling a cat’s eye glow.
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Strabismus (Crossed or Misaligned Eyes): Eyes may turn inward, outward, upward, or downward, sometimes mistaken for lazy eye.
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Redness, pain, or swelling in the eye without clear cause.
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Vision problems: Difficulty focusing or noticeable decline in vision.
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Changes in iris color (the colored part of the eye) in one eye.
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Bulging eyes (Proptosis): A sign of advanced tumor growth.
Treatment of Retinoblastoma
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Laser Therapy: Destroys blood vessels feeding the tumor, killing cancer cells.
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Thermotherapy: Uses heat waves (like microwaves or ultrasound) to target and destroy tumor cells.
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Cryotherapy: Freezes cancer cells with liquid nitrogen before removing them; may need multiple sessions.
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Radiation Therapy: Uses X-rays either internally (placing radioactive material near the tumor) or externally to kill cancer cells.
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Chemotherapy: Drugs administered orally or intravenously to kill or stop tumor cell growth.
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Surgical Removal of the Eye: Recommended if the tumor is large or unresponsive to other treatments.
Important
If your child shows any of these signs, seek immediate evaluation by a pediatric ophthalmologist. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly improve the chances of saving vision and life.
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