Cholestasis during Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention



During the later months of pregnancy, women may experience various health issues due to the increased weight of the fetus and changes in the circulatory system. One such condition is cholestasis, a liver disorder that can affect both the mother and the fetus. Here's everything you need to know about cholestasis during pregnancy.
What is Cholestasis during Pregnancy?
Cholestasis is a condition where there is a disruption in the normal flow of bile from the liver. This leads to the accumulation of bile acids in the liver, which eventually enter the bloodstream. The condition typically occurs in the later stages of pregnancy and is associated with hormonal changes and liver dysfunction. Cholestasis can cause symptoms like itching and fatigue, and in severe cases, it can affect the health of both the mother and the baby.
Factors Leading to Cholestasis during Pregnancy

Hormonal Changes: Increased levels of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy can slow down the flow of bile in the liver, resulting in bile acids accumulating in the bloodstream.
Genetic Factors: Women with a family history of bile production issues in the liver are more likely to develop cholestasis.
Seasonal Variation: Cholestasis is more commonly observed in pregnant women during the winter months compared to summer.
Selenium Deficiency: A lack of selenium in the diet may also contribute to the development of this condition.
Symptoms of Cholestasis in Pregnancy
Itchy Skin: The most common symptom, often affecting the hands and feet, and worsening at night.
Fatigue: Expect to feel more tired and sluggish, with a noticeable lack of energy.
Loss of Appetite: Many women with cholestasis experience a complete loss of appetite, similar to early pregnancy symptoms.
Changes in Stool and Urine: Stools may become light-colored and foul-smelling, while urine becomes dark and concentrated.
Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes is a common symptom.
Nausea and Vomiting: Feeling nauseous with a tendency to vomit may occur.
Liver Pain: Pain or discomfort in the upper-right side of the abdomen, where the liver is located, may be present.
Complications of Cholestasis
Cholestasis can lead to severe complications for both the mother and the baby:
Maternal Complications: It can impair the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, especially vitamin K, which plays a role in blood clotting. This may increase the risk of internal bleeding.
Fetal Complications: In severe cases, cholestasis can lead to premature labor, fetal distress, or stillbirth. There may also be problems with the baby's lungs due to inhaling meconium (the baby’s first stool), which can contaminate the amniotic fluid.
Tips to Alleviate Cholestasis Symptoms
Relieve Itching: Use creams containing chamomile extract to soothe itching, and consider taking a cool bath before bed. During the day, soaking your hands and feet in ice-cold water can provide relief.
Follow a Healthy Diet: Avoid fatty foods that can overload the liver, and focus on a balanced diet to support liver function.
Light Physical Activity: Engage in mild exercises to improve blood circulation, which can help reduce symptoms.
Continuous Medical Monitoring: Since cholestasis can cause complications, it is important to regularly monitor the condition with a healthcare provider. In severe cases, early induction of labor may be necessary, and fetal health should be carefully managed.
Conclusion
Cholestasis during pregnancy is a condition that can affect both the mother and the fetus. It is characterized by symptoms like itching, fatigue, and jaundice, and it can lead to serious complications if not managed properly. Regular medical monitoring, a healthy lifestyle, and following specific recommendations can help manage the symptoms and reduce risks for both mother and baby.

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