The wealth of scientific studies and pediatric research on the benefits of breastfeeding continues to grow, especially after most local and global health authorities emphasized the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, followed by continued breastfeeding alongside complementary foods for up to two years or more.
Dr. Somaya Ahmed Radi, Professor of Pediatrics specializing in breastfeeding, adds that recent research shows breastfeeding not only promotes better growth and faster mental development in children but also reduces stress and depression, and most importantly, lowers the risk of early puberty. These benefits can extend into adolescence.
Continuous Benefits of Breastfeeding for Children
Extended Effects Beyond Two Years
Breastfeeding continues to provide significant value even after two years. Recent studies show that children exclusively breastfed in early life are less likely to experience early puberty.
A study of over 300,000 children examined their growth and diet, finding that exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months correlated with a reduced risk of early puberty for both boys and girls. Children exclusively formula-fed were at the highest risk, followed by those on mixed feeding (breast milk and formula).
Early puberty is linked to:
Higher risk of anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem
Shorter adult height
Increased risk of substance abuse and eating disorders
The study highlighted that early puberty is rising globally, especially due to increasing childhood obesity, emphasizing the crucial impact of early-life nutrition on long-term health.
Gender Differences
Boys exclusively fed formula: 16% higher risk of early puberty compared to breastfed boys
Girls exclusively fed formula: 60% higher risk
Mixed feeding: intermediate risk (14% boys, 45% girls)
Risks of Early Puberty
Early puberty increases the likelihood of health problems later in life, including heart disease, diabetes, some cancers, and mental health challenges like anxiety and depression. Longer breastfeeding is protective, improves academic outcomes, and supports healthy growth.
Scientific Analysis of Breastfeeding and Puberty
Type of Feeding: Exclusive breastfeeding impacts puberty timing differently for boys and girls.
Duration: Breastfeeding for 12 months or more correlates with better academic performance later.
Developmental Impact: Feeding practices influence genetic regulation of stress response, helping children relax after stress, with effects lasting into adolescence.
Mother-Infant Bond
Breastfeeding strengthens the emotional connection between mother and child, enhancing the child’s ability to cope with stress in the future. Mothers who breastfeed for six months or more have lower risks of breast and ovarian cancer, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes.
Breastfeeding releases oxytocin, promoting calmness, reducing stress, and enhancing bonding. Some mothers may experience temporary hormonal fluctuations during breastfeeding, causing mood changes or anxiety, but these feelings typically subside after feeding.
Additional maternal benefits:
Supports postpartum weight loss
Stimulates uterine contractions
Reduces the risk of postpartum depression
Aids in natural family planning
Saves time and money
Breastfeeding is a critical practice that benefits both the child’s long-term physical, cognitive, and emotional health and the mother’s well-being.
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